Definition and Examples of Exhortation

Definition and Examples of Exhortation An exhortation is a  speech that attempts to encourage, motivate or incite an audience through strong emotional appeals. Here are some examples from famous works. Henry Garnets Address to the Slaves​ Look around you, and behold the bosoms of your loving wives heaving with untold agonies! Hear the cries of your poor children! Remember the stripes your fathers bore. Think of the torture and disgrace of your noble mothers. Think of your wretched sisters, loving virtue and purity, as they are driven into concubinage and are exposed to the unbridled lusts of incarnate devils. Think of the undying glory that hangs around the ancient name of Africaand forget not that you are native-born American citizens, and as such, you are justly entitled to all the rights that are granted to the freest. Think how many tears you have poured out upon the soil which you have cultivated with unrequited toil and enriched with your blood; and then go to your lordly enslavers and tell them plainly, that you are determined to be free. . . .[Y]ou are a patient people. You act as though you were made for the special use of these devils. You act as though your daughters were born to pamper the lusts of your ma sters and overseers. And worse than all, you tamely submit while your lords tear your wives from your embraces and defile them before your eyes. In the name of God, we ask, are you men? Where is the blood of your fathers? Has it all run out of your veins? Awake, awake; millions of voices are calling you! Your dead fathers speak to you from their graves. Heaven, as with a voice of thunder, calls on you to arise from the dust.Let your motto be resistance! resistance! resistance! No oppressed people have ever secured their liberty without resistance. What kind of resistance you had better make, you must decide by the circumstances that surround you, and according to the suggestion of expediency. Brethren, adieu! Trust in the living God. Labor for the peace of the human race, and remember that you are four millions!(Henry Highland Garnet, speech before the National Negro Convention in Buffalo, N.Y., August 1843) Henry Vs Exhortation at Harfleur Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;Or close the wall up with our English dead!In peace, theres nothing so becomes a man,As modest stillness and humility;But when the blast of war blows in our ears,Then imitate the action of the tiger;Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,Disguise fair nature with hard-favored rage. Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;Let it pry through the portage of the head,Like the brass cannon; let the brow oerwhelm itAs fearfully as doth a galled rockOer hang and jutty his confounded base,Swilled with the wild and wasteful ocean.Now set the teeth, and stretch the nostril wide;Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spiritTo his full height! On, on, you noble English,Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof!Fathers, that, like so many Alexanders,Have, in these parts, from morn till even fought,And sheathed their swords for lack of argument;Dishonor not your mothers; now attest,That those, whom you called fathers, did beget you!Be copy now to men of grosser blood,And teach them how to war! And you, good yeomen,Whose limbs were made in England, show us hereThe mettle of your pasture: let us swearThat you are worth your breeding; which I doubt not;For there is none of you so mean and base,That hath not noble lustre in your eyes.I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the start. The games afoot;Follow your spirit: and, upon this charge,CryGod for Harry! England! and Saint George!(William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act 3, scene 1. 1599) Coach Tony DAmatos Halftime Address to the Players The inches we need are everywhere around us. They’re in every break of the game, every minute, every second. On this team, we fight for that inch. On this team, we tear ourselves and everyone else around us to pieces for that inch. We claw with our fingernails for that inch because we know when we add up all those inches that’s gonna make the . . . difference between winning and losing! Between livin and dyin! I’ll tell you this: In any fight, it’s the guy who’s willing to die who’s gonna win that inch. And I know if I’m gonna have any life anymore, it’s because I’m still willin to fight and die for that inch. Because that’s what livin is! The six inches in front of your face! Now I can’t make you do it. You got to look at the guy next to you. Look into his eyes! Now I think you’re gonna see a guy who will go that inch with you. Youre gonna see a guy who will sacrifice himself for this team because he knows when it comes down to it, you’re gonna do the same for him! That’s a team, gentleman! And, either we heal, now, as a team, or we will die as individuals. That’s football guys. Thats all it is.(Al Pacino as Coach Tony Damato in Any Given Sunday, 1999) ​Parody of Exhortation in Stripes Were all very different people. Were not Watusi. Were not Spartans. Were Americans, with a capital.  A, huh? You know what that means? Do ya? That means that our forefathers were kicked out of every decent country in the world. We are the wretched refuse. Were the underdog. Were mutts! Heres proof: his nose is cold! But theres no animal thats more faithful, thats more loyal, more loveable than the mutt. Who saw Old Yeller? Who cried when Old Yeller got shot at the end? I cried my eyes out. So were all dogfaces, were all very, very different, but there is one thing that we all have in common: we were all stupid enough to enlist in the Army. Were mutants. Theres something wrong with us, something very, very wrong with us. Something seriously wrong with uswere soldiers. But were American soldiers! Weve been kicking ass for 200 years! Were ten and one. Now we dont have to worry about whether or not weve practiced. We dont have to worry about whether Captain Stillman wants to have us hung. All we have to do is to be the great American fighting soldier that is inside each one of us. Now do what I do, and say what I say. And make me proud.(Bill Murray as John Winger in Stripes, 1981)

Primary Government Contract Types

Primary Government Contract Types There are three primary types of government contracts: fixed price, cost reimbursable and time and materials. Fixed price contracts have a negotiated price that remains the same over the life of the contract so the amount you will be paid remains the same. Cost reimbursable contracts involve the government paying for the actual cost to complete the work. Cost reimbursable contracts have a variety of schemes for providing a fee or profit to the contractor. Time and materials contracts have agreed to rates for labor and materials that do not change over the contract and are billed as incurred. Time and materials contracts can have annual escalation rates incorporated in them to reflect increasing costs. Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF) A cost plus incentive fee contract is one where the vendor is reimbursed for costs incurred plus fee based on a formula tied to costs. The fee formula can vary and is normally designed to encourage the contractor to keep costs down. Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) A cost reimbursement contract where the objectives of the contract are determined to be completed by subjective means. The contractor receives reimbursement for their costs plus the award fee. Cost plus award fee contracts can not be used when cost plus fixed fee or cost plus incentive fee contract would be more appropriate. Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF) A cost plus fixed fee contract reimburses the contractor for the cost incurred to complete the work plus a negotiated fixed fee. The fee does not change based on cost of the work. Cost is calculated based on actual amounts paid for labor and materials plus fringes, overhead and general and administrative rates. Fringe, overhead and general and administrative rates are computed annually and reflect the actual corporate costs. Many government contracts are cost reimbursable. Firm Fixed Price or FFP contracts have detailed requirements and a price for the work. The price is negotiated before the contract is finalized and does not vary even if the contractor needs to expend more or less resources than planned. Firm fixed price contracts require the contractor to manage the costs of the work in order to make a profit. If more work than planned is required then the contractor may lose money on the contract unless a contract modification is obtained. Firm fixed price contracts can also be more profitable if costs are closely managed. Fixed Price Contract With Incentive Fee Target (FPIF) The fixed price contract with incentive fee contract is a firm fixed price type contract (as compared to a cost reimbursable). The fee can vary depending on whether the contract comes in above or below planned cost. These contracts do contain a ceiling price to limit the government’s exposure to cost overruns. Fixed Price With Economic Price Adjustment Fixed price with economic price adjustment contracts are fixed price contracts but they contain a provision to account for contingencies and changing costs. An example is the contract may contain an adjustment for an annual salary increase. Time Materials contracts have rates negotiated before contract award for the cost by labor category and materials. As work is completed the contractor bills against the rates agreed to in the contract regardless of the actual cost. Know which contract type is planned in advance of submitting a proposal as well as during contract negotiations. Knowing the contract type allows you to plan the project and how best to manage it for success. Before a company can get a cost reimbursable contract it must have an approved accounting system.